Direct drive autopilot drive unit type III (50′ to 70′)

Jefa 5040 Nm (525 KgM) autopilot direct drive unit type DD3

Some mounting possibilities:

The left illustration shows the direct drive combined on the steering tiller lever. A long output lever is fitted to achieve the correct geometry. The right illustration shows a direct drive mounted on a separate lever independently from the steering system.

The three possible operation centres:

Main dimensions:

The Jefa DD3 525 KgM direct drive is very compact with a length of 385 mm, a width of 385 mm and a height of 264 mm. As space is always a problem on sailing yachts, the direct drive unit can be mounted as close as 250 mm from the rudderstock even upside down. The output lever has operating centres on 130, 165 and 200 mm.

The construction

The above assembly drawing shows a cross section of the direct drive. The drive can be separated in 4 main parts: The electric motor (1), the three stage planetary gearbox (2) and the electro-magnetic clutch (3) and the 1:5 spur reduction gearbox (4). The Jefa direct drive has multiple advantages over existing integrated drive units. These advantages will be explained per section of the drive:

Electric Motor: The flat wound electric motor used in the Jefa drive units is not a standard industrial motor, but specially designed and produced for this application. This solution is more expensive but there are multiple advantages over standard industrial motors.

• The collector (1) is extremely big so a large contact surface of the coal brushes is achieved. The result of this is a very high efficiency under heavy load and a very small drop in speed at the maximum torque.
• The central motor shaft runs in ball bearings in stead of gliding bearings. This results in a higher efficiency, less noise and a much longer life time.
• A large flat wound rotor to achieve a high starting toque and an immediate response to the autopilot speed control signal.
• Specially produced magnets with an extremely long lifetime and field strength. (Normal magnets can loose up to 50% field strength over a couple of years).
• Aluminium motor housing in stead of sheet steel plate to avoid corrosion.

Planetary gearbox: To achieve a correct rudder travel speed (hard over time) the electric motor has to be reduced in speed with a factor 486:1. Some autopilot drive producers use a worm reduction box, but the efficiency is extremely low as the gears rub each other. Some producers use a combination of a planetary gearbox with a 2 stage spur gear set (one small gear and one big gear), but this creates a much bigger unit with an offset to the centre and much heavier loaded gears. The best way to achieve this high reduction in combination with a high torque is a 3 stage planetary gearbox. It’s also the most expensive way as every gear step has 4 gears in stead of 2 gears but the huge advantages overrule the higher price:

• The highest possible efficiency compared to any other gearbox.
• All forces are equally spread over 3 gear teeth in stead of one allowing a much compacter and stronger solution.
• The forces and torques from the motor to the output shaft remain in the centre line of the drive unit, resulting in a higher efficiency and extremely reduces the loads on the housing and other internal parts.

Electro magnetic clutch: On the moment the mechanical steering system on the yacht is manually operated, the autopilot drive has to be disconnected from the steering system. This is achieved with the electro-magnetic clutch (4) and controlled automatically by the autopilot junction box. Jefa has developed a unique and patented engagement clutch. The solution is based on two electrically operated spring loaded clutch pins that engage and disengage the outer gear ring of last planetary gear step. This solution has multiple advantages over the existing friction plate clutches:

• Less friction to back drive the unit.
• Lower power consumption (1.4 Amp. at 12 Volt, 0.7 Amp at 24 Volt). When the clutch isn’t powered, it’s disengaged and engaged when powered.
• The clutch doesn’t wear in time.
• More compact than any friction clutch.
• When the autopilot is switched off, the helmsman isn’t suddenly confronted with the full rudder torque, but has to put loading on the wheel to equalise the forces so the the clutch can disengage, making the manual take over much safer.

Connections:

This illustration shows the minimal components for a working autopilot configuration. Jefa autopilot drives work together with all mayor autopilot electronics. The connection of the Jefa autopilot drive to the autopilot junction box is quite simple. The two 1.5 mm² red and black wires have to be connected to the plus and minus of the autopilot clutch line. This will make sure that when the autopilot user engages the autopilot on the control screen, the clutch will engage and allow the autopilot motor to drive the rudder. The two 4 mm² red and black wires have to be connected to the autopilot drive output connection. Now the Jefa autopilot drive is integrated into the system.

Compatibility in 12 Volts

Following table shows the maximum rudder torques at midships and full rudder that can be generated by the Jefa DD3 direct drive in combination with various autopilot junction boxes.

Compatibility in 24 Volts

Following table shows the maximum rudder torques at midships and full rudder that can be generated by the Jefa DD3 direct drive in combination with various autopilot junction boxes.